La realidad cotidiana revelada a través de los silencios / Everyday reality revealed through silences

El discurso sobre los silencios, se destaca su poder tanto en la psicoterapia como en la vida diaria. Se describe cómo estos momentos de quietud pueden ser reveladores, sirviendo como espejos que reflejan los laberintos de la mente. Además, se exploran situaciones cotidianas, desde cenas incómodas hasta reuniones laborales, donde los silencios actúan como magos que disuelven tensiones o revelan conflictos subyacentes. Se enfatiza la importancia de aceptar y disfrutar los silencios, aprender a escucharlos en las demás personas y reconocer que no siempre necesitan respuestas inmediatas. En resumen, se aboga por abrazar los silencios como parte integral de la sinfonía de la vida.(AU)

The discourse on silences highlights their power both in psychotherapy and daily life. It describes how these moments of stillness can be revealing, serving as mirrors that reflect the mazes of the mind. Additionally, it explores everyday situations, from awkward dinners to work meetings, where silences act as magicians that dissolve tensions or reveal underlying conflicts. The importance of accepting and savoring silences is emphasized, encouraging the ability to listen to them in others and acknowledging that they don't always require immediate answers. In summary, it advocates for embracing silences as an integral part of life's symphony.(AU)

Terapia ocupacional: explorando los laberintos y los dilemas, para impulsar un cambio en la sociedad / Occupational therapy: exploring labyrinths and dilemmas to drive change in society

La terapia ocupacional se adentra en los laberintos y dilemas para catalizar un despertar y generar un cambio en la sociedad. A través de su enfoque holístico, esta disciplina busca comprender y abordar los desafíos que enfrentan las personas en su participación ocupacional. Desde la rehabilitación física hasta la promoción de la salud mental, la terapia ocupacional se compromete a mejorar la calidad de vida y fomentar la inclusión. Mediante la implementación de intervenciones basadas en la ocupación, la terapia ocupacional trabaja para empoderar a las personas, promover la autonomía y cultivar un impacto transformador en la sociedad.(AU)

Occupational therapy delves into the labyrinths and dilemmas to catalyze awakening and bring about change in society. Through its holistic approach, this discipline aims to understand and address the challenges individuals face in their occupational engagement. From physical rehabilitation to mental health promotion, occupational therapy is committed to improving quality of life and fostering inclusion. By implementing occupation-based interventions, occupational therapy works to empower individuals, promote autonomy, and cultivate a transformative impact on society.(AU)

Analysis of Occupational Therapy Students' Pedagogical Practices for the Forging of Professional Identity and Development of Professional Intelligence: A Scoping Review.

Pedagogical practices contribute to enhancing professional intelligence which is an indicator of maturity and development of professional identity. The research guiding question was: What are the pedagogical practices involved in occupational therapy students' professional identity formation? A scoping review using a six-stage methodological framework was used to capture a variety of evidence describing how professional identity has been conceptualised and integrated into the occupational therapy curriculum while noticing a link to professional intelligence. Databases included were: Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, CSIC, Dialnet, PubMed, Pubmed Central, OTDBASE and Scielo. Qualitative content analysis was used to categorise learning outcomes into five components of professional identity that were associated with the pedagogical practices identified in the studies. n = 58 peer-reviewed journal articles were recorded. The articles were classified as intervention studies (n = 31; 53.4%), reviews (n = 12; 20.7%) and theoretical articles (n = 15; 25.9%). To ensure the feasibility of collecting and reporting results, we narrowed the focus to n = 31 intervention studies that provided information on pedagogical practices and learning outcomes on professional identity forging in students. This scoping review illustrates the variety of contexts in which students learn, the multiple dimensions of identity establishment, and the variety of pedagogical practices. These findings can be used to adapt and design focused formative curricula that support the development of professional identity.

Exploring Occupational Therapists' Professional Identity: A Q-Method Study.

(1) Background: This study examines the nature of the rarely studied factors of the professional identity from an occupational therapist's perspective. (2) Methods: Q-methodology was applied to identify the different perspectives. Participants were selected through a non-probability sampling procedure in the whole Spanish territory. Different assessment tools were considered, in order to develop an ad hoc tool which had 40 statements classified into four categories. A factor analysis was performed by applying Ken-Q analysis v.1.0. (3) Results: Thirty-seven occupational therapists participated in the study. Their diverse approaches revealed different perspectives that influence the professional identity of occupational therapists: professional identity, due to referents, a grey field on professional identity, reaffirming a common professional identity, the role of education and mentors on professional identity and the outcome of ongoing training, in order to develop the abovementioned identity. (4) Conclusions: Once the different aspects of the professional identity have been understood, future educational initiatives can be designed to adapt curricula to the professional scene.

Autorías en manuscritos científicos de terapia ocupacional: un estudio descriptivo / Autoria em manuscritos científicos de terapia ocupacional: um estudo descritivo / Authorship in scientific manuscripts in occupational therapy: a descriptive study

Resumen Introducción Los beneficios de la autoría múltiple son indudables, pero en ocasiones el número de autores es desproporcionadamente mayor que el contenido intelectual. Objetivo Conocer la autoría media en el ámbito terapia ocupacional y valorar sus posibles determinantes. Método Se incluyeron 19 revistas de la disciplina. Seleccionamos artículos de investigación y revisiones sistemáticas. Resultados Encontramos una media de 3,5 autores, con un aumento de 0,9 (R2=0,86) de 2011 a 2020. El número de autorías múltiples es mayor que de autorías individuales. Los tres posibles determinantes del aumento de la autoría parecen ser: (a) la visibilidad (las revistas open access/charge aumentan el número de autorías en 40,2%); (b) el factor de impacto (las revistas JCR [Journal Citation Report] aumentan en 15,7% frente a los otros); y (c) los cuartiles (las revistas ESCI [Emerging Sources Citation Index] aparecen en el panorama de las publicaciones y las SSCI/SCI [Social Science Citation Index/ Science Citation Index]experimentan su mayor subida de 10.5% en los Q1 [Primero Cuartil]). Conclusión Este estudio aporta por primera vez una información completa y contrastada, donde se muestra la autoría media de los artículos de terapia ocupacional y los determinantes que influyen.

Resumo Introdução Os benefícios da autoria múltipla são indiscutíveis, mas às vezes o número de autores é desproporcionalmente maior que o conteúdo intelectual. Objetivo Conhecer a média de autoria no campo da terapia ocupacional e avaliar seus possíveis determinantes. Método Foram incluídos 19 periódicos da área. Selecionamos artigos de pesquisa e revisões sistemáticas. Resultados Encontramos uma média de 3,5 autores com aumento de 0,9 (R2=0,86) de 2011 a 2020. O número de autorias múltiplas é maior que o de autorias individuais. Os três possíveis determinantes do aumento da autoria parecem ser a: (a) visibilidade (os periódicos de acesso aberto/cobrança aumentam o número de autorias em 40,2%); (b) o fator de impacto (os periódicos JCR [Journal Citation Report] aumentam 15,7% em relação ao demais) e (c) os quartis, //periódicos ESCI [Emerging Sources Citation Index] aparecem no cenário editorial e SSCI/SCI [Social Science Citation Index/ Science Citation Index]experimentam seu maior aumento de 10,5% no primeiro quartil [Q1]). Conclusão Este estudo fornece pela primeira vez informações confiáveis ​​e contrastadas, mostrando a autoria média de artigos de terapia ocupacional e os determinantes que a influenciam.

Abstract Introduction The benefits of multiple authorship are undoubted, but sometimes the number of authors is disproportionately greater than the intellectual content. Objective To know the average authorship in the occupational therapy field and assess its possible determinants. Method 19 journals of the discipline were included. We select research articles and systematic reviews. Results We found an average of 3.5 authors, with an increase of 0.9 (R2=0.86) from 2011 to 2020. The number of multiple authorships is greater than individual authorships. The three possible determinants of the increase in authorship seem to be: (a) visibility (open access/charge journals increase the number of authorships by 40.2%); (b) the impact factor (JCR [Journal Citation Report] journals increase by 15.7% compared to others) and (c) quartiles (ESCI Emerging Sources Citation Index] journals appear in the publishing landscape and SSCI/SCI [Social Science Citation Index/ Science Citation Index]experience their biggest rise of 10.5% in Q1 [First Quartile]). Conclusion This study provides complete and contrasted information for the first time, showing the average authorship of occupational therapy articles and the determinants that influence it.

La educación interprofesional en el desarrollo de la identidad profesional en terapia ocupacional: una revisión de alcance / A educação interprofissional no desenvolvimento da identidade profissional em terapia ocupacional: uma revisão de escopo / Interprofessional education in the development of professional identity in occupational therapy: a scoping review

Resumen Objetivo analizar el desarrollo histórico, la naturaleza y el volumen de la literatura científica de la Investigación sobre Educación Interprofesional en terapia ocupacional, así como los tipos de intervenciones que se desarrollan. Método Se utilizó un scoping review con un marco metodológico de cuatro etapas para capturar la evidencia que describe cómo las Investigación sobre Educación Interprofesional y la identidad profesional ha sido conceptualizada e integradas en la terapia ocupacional. Las bases de datos incluidas fueron MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Pubmed Central, ERIC, PsychInfo, Cinahl, Ciberindex, Dialnet, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane y Scielo. Como criterios de inclusión los artículos debían describir conceptos relacionados con la terapia ocupacional y otras disciplinas, identidad profesional y la educación interprofesional en estudiantes y/o profesionales. Del listado final se analizaron las variables: información demográfica, objetivo/propósito del estudio, detalles metodológicos, tipos de intervenciones realizadas y resultados/hallazgos principales. Resultados 18 artículos cumplieron los criterios y 16 se tuvieron en cuenta para la síntesis cualitativa. Predomina la investigación universitaria (92,3%). El 75% de la muestra de las investigaciones se concentra en estudiantes. La investigación mixta representa el 50% del estudio. Las intervenciones más numerosas en Investigación sobre Educación Interprofesional son prácticas en el aula (62,5%) frente a prácticas de campo (37,5%). Conclusión este estudio muestra la fortaleza de las prácticas ligadas a la educación interprofesional y su vínculo para desarrollar la identidad profesional. La formación de colaboración interprofesional en comparación con la educación clínica tradicional, aumenta la identidad profesional a través de la autoeficacia percibida de los estudiantes.

Resumo Objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento histórico, a natureza e o volume da produção científica sobre pesquisa em educação interprofissional em terapia ocupacional, bem como os tipos de intervenções que são desenvolvidas. Método Uma revisão de escopo com uma estrutura metodológica de quatro estágios foi usada para capturar evidências que descrevem como a pesquisa em educação interprofissional e a identidade profissional foram conceituadas e integradas à terapia ocupacional. As bases de dados incluídas foram MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Pubmed Central, ERIC, PsychInfo, Cinahl, Ciberindex, Dialnet, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane e Scielo. Como critérios de inclusão, os artigos deveriam descrever conceitos relacionados à terapia ocupacional e outras disciplinas, identidade profissional e educação interprofissional em estudantes e/ou profissionais. Da lista final, foram analisadas as variáveis: informações demográficas, objetivo/finalidade do estudo, detalhes metodológicos, tipos de intervenções realizadas e principais resultados/achados. Resultados 18 artigos atenderam aos critérios e 16 foram considerados para a síntese qualitativa. Predomina a pesquisa universitária (92,3%). 75% da amostra da pesquisa se concentra nos alunos. A pesquisa mista representa 50% do estudo. As intervenções mais numerosas na Pesquisa em Educação Interprofissional são as práticas de sala de aula (62,5%) em oposição às práticas de campo (37,5%). Conclusão este estudo mostra a força das práticas vinculadas à educação interprofissional e seu vínculo com o desenvolvimento da identidade profissional. O treinamento interprofissional colaborativo, em comparação com a educação clínica tradicional, aumenta a identidade profissional por meio da autoeficácia percebida pelos alunos.

Abstract Objective To analyze the historical development, nature, and volume of scientific literature on Interprofessional Education Research in occupational therapy, as well as the types of interventions carried out. Method A scoping review was used with a four-stage methodological framework to capture evidence describing how Interprofessional Education Research and professional identity has been conceptualized and integrated into occupational therapy. The databases included were MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Pubmed Central, ERIC, PsychInfo, Cinahl, Ciberindex, Dialnet, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scielo. As inclusion criteria, articles had to describe concepts related to occupational therapy and other disciplines, professional identity, and interprofessional education in students and/or professionals. From the final list, the following variables were analyzed: demographic information, study objective/purpose, methodological details, types of interventions carried out, and main results/findings. Results 18 articles met the criteria and 16 were considered for qualitative synthesis. University research predominated (92.3%). 75% of the research sample focuses on students. Mixed research represents 50% of the study. The most numerous interventions in Interprofessional Education Research are in-class practices (62.5%) versus field practices (37.5%). Conclusion This study shows the strength of practices linked to interprofessional education and their link to developing professional identity. Interprofessional collaboration training compared to traditional clinical education increases professional identity through perceived self-efficacy of students.

El efecto de las oportunidades en la salud / The effect of opportunity on health

Decidir por una u otra oportunidad tiene consecuencias frente a la salud. La realidad se torna caprichosa cuando lo que tenemos que hacer es tomar una decisión sobre la oportunidad que seleccionamos. Las decisiones relacionadas con nuestro desempeño ocupacional van a repercutir directamente sobre nuestra salud a corto, medio o largo plazo. ¿En que momento somos conscientes que hemos seleccionado la mejor de todas las oportunidades? (AU)

Deciding for one or another opportunity has consequences for health. Reality becomes capricious when what we have to do is make a decision about which opportunity we select. Decisions related to our occupational performance will have a direct impact on our health, in the short, medium or long term. At what point are we aware that we have selected the best of all opportunities?(AU)

Evaluación ocupacional y el marco de trabajo para la práctica de la terapia ocupacional / Occupational evaluation and the working framework for the practice of occupational therapy

La evaluación ocupacional, supone el principio de cualquier intervención en terapia ocupacional. Coincidiendo con las ideas de Rogers y Holm, el terapeuta ocupacional que va a iniciar su intervención, no comienza de cero. Los conocimientos teóricos y habilidades prácticas que cada profesional pone en juego durante la evaluación y la intervención, son resultado de su formación y desarrollo paulatino, resultado de la interacción entre su experiencia y su formación teórica. En este documento podremos ver de forma específica como elaborar una evaluación ocupacional utilizando los componentes desarrollados en el marco de trabajo para la práctica de la terapia ocupacional. (AU)

Occupational evaluation is the beginning of any intervention in occupational therapy. Coinciding with the ideas of Rogers and Holm, the occupational therapist who is going to start his intervention, does not start from scratch. The theoretical knowledge and practical skills that each professional puts into play during the evaluation and intervention are the result of their training and gradual development, the result of the interaction between their experience and their theoretical training. In this document we can see specifically how to develop an occupational evaluation using the components developed in the framework for the practice of occupational therapy. (AU)

Diagnóstico ocupacional y el marco de trabajo para la práctica de la terapia ocupacional / Occupational diagnosis and the working framework for the practice of occupational therapy

Cuando los y las terapeutas ocupacionales generamos hipótesis, estamos delineando nuestras líneas de reflexión en pro de la práctica profesional, y además estamos definiendo de forma clara: el que, el cómo, el donde y el cuándo. Esta gestión de hipótesis, en forma de razonamiento diagnóstico, genera respuestas relevantes para determinar la importancia de nuestro lenguaje profesional. En este documento podremos ver de forma específica como establecer un diagnóstico ocupacional utilizando los componentes desarrollados en el marco de trabajo para la práctica de la terapia ocupacional. (AU)

When occupational therapists generate hypotheses, we are outlining our lines of reflection in favor of professional practice, and we are also clearly defining: what, how, where and when. This hypothesis management, in the form of diagnostic reasoning, generates relevant answers to determine the importance of our professional language. In this document we can see specifically how to establish an occupational diagnosis using the components developed in the framework for the practice of occupational therapy. (AU)

Planificación de la intervención y el marco de trabajo para la práctica de la terapia ocupacional / Planning the intervention and the working framework for the practice of occupational therapy

A lo largo de la planificación, una vez establecidas las prioridades y determinados los objetivos, el o la terapeuta ocupacional está en disposición de diseñar un plan individualizado de intervención para cada persona por medio del cual trata de lograr los objetivos trazados. Su diseño se articula alrededor de la selección de diversos abordajes que estructuran las técnicas, medios, modalidades y métodos que nos permiten realizar la intervención para cada caso abordado. En este documento podremos ver de forma específica como realizar una planificación de la intervención. (AU)

Throughout the planning, once the priorities have been established and the objectives determined, the occupational therapist is in a position to design an individualized intervention plan for each person by means of which they try to achieve the established objectives. Its design is articulated around the selection of various approaches that structure the techniques, means, modalities and methods that allow us to carry out the intervention for each case addressed. In this document we can see specifically how to plan the intervention. (AU)

A Q-method approach to perceptions of professional reasoning in occupational therapy undergraduates.

BACKGROUND: Professional reasoning provides a firm basis for the development of teaching and assessment strategies to support the acquisition of skills by healthcare students. Nevertheless, occupational therapy educators should use diverse methods of learning assessment to examine student learning outcomes more fully with an evaluation that supports the overall complexity of the process, particularly learners' subjective experience. The aim of this article is to identify the range of perspectives among occupational therapy undergraduates regarding terms or concepts that are key for improving their professional reasoning. METHODS: Q-methodology was used to address the aim of the study. A concourse relating to a series of ideas, phrases, terminology, and concepts associated with various studies on professional reasoning in occupational therapy, specifically on students in this field, was generated. The terms that had the clearest evidence, the most relevance or the greatest number of citations in the literature were collected (n = 37). The P-set was assembled by non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. It comprised undergraduate university students in occupational therapy. Factor analysis was conducted using Ken-Q Analysis v.1.0.6, reducing the number of Q-sets to smaller groups of factors representing a common perspective. RESULTS: Through statistical analysis of the Q-sorts of 37 occupational therapy students, 8 default factors were identified. The four factors in accordance with the selection criteria were rotated by varimax rotation to identify variables that could be grouped together. Each viewpoint was interpreted, discussed and liked to different aspects of professional reasoning in occupational therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The observed perceptions were linked to the various aspects of professional reasoning that have been widely discussed in the occupational therapy literature. For most of the students, there was a strong correspondence between the narrative, interactive and conditional aspects of the various components.

The Effectiveness of Community Occupational Therapy Interventions: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: This review aims to evaluate the level of scientific evidence for the effectiveness of Community Occupational Therapy interventions. METHODS: A systematic review was used to analyze and synthesize the studies collected. The databases of Cochrane, OTseeker, OTCATS, Web of Science, Scielo and Scopus were used in order to collect articles published between 2007 and 2020. PRISMA recommendations were followed. RESULTS: A total of 12 articles comprised part of the study (7 randomized controlled studies, 4 systematic reviews and 1 meta-analysis). The main areas of practice were geriatric gerontology (22.1%) and mental health (19.7%), which were statistically significant (χ2; p < 0.005) compared to the rest. Regarding the studies analyzed, all of them had scores of >7 on the PEDro and AMSTAR scales. CONCLUSIONS: Research on Community Occupational Therapy constitutes a consolidated line of research but the objectives and areas of research were limited. Descriptive qualitative methodology predominated and studies on the effectiveness of Community Occupational Therapy interventions showed a medium-low level of evidence.

Un estudio descriptivo de la presencia, visibilidad y calidad de las revistas de terapia ocupacional / Um estudo descritivo da presença, visibilidade e qualidade dos periódicos de terapia ocupacional / A descriptive study of the presence, visibility and quality of occupational therapy journals

Resumen Con el presente artículo intentamos conocer las revistas actuales de terapia ocupacional, así como la visibilidad y calidad de las mismas. La selección de la muestra se realizó a partir de la base de datos ULRICH y los catálogos Latindex y C17. La búsqueda se completó con un rastreo en la red. Los criterios de inclusión fueron revistas científicas revisadas por pares y activas en el momento de la consulta. Del listado final se analizaron las siguientes variables: visibilidad (se tuvo en cuenta el idioma de publicación y presencia en bases de datos internacionales -ERIC, Psychinfo, Medline, Scopus, OTDBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science), accesibilidad (suscripción, gratuidad y Open Access,) e indicadores de calidad (editorial responsable y factor de impacto). 43 revistas cumplieron los criterios. Respecto a la visiblidad el 69,8% estaban indexadas en al menos una base de datos, siendo la de mayor representatividad, la base de datos propia de la disciplina, seguidas de las de ciencias de la salud, multidisciplinares y en menor medida las de ciencias sociales. El 25,6% están incorporadas al movimiento Open Access y el 18,6% son Free Access. Respecto al prestigio, un 20,9% incorporadas a JCR y un 41,9% a SJR. Tras analizar cinco criterios de calidad, únicamente Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy y Occupational Therapy International los cumplen. Este estudio muestra la realidad de las revistas específicas de la especialidad, así como sus fortalezas y debilidades. Es esperado que conocer esta realidad permitirá mejorar las tasas de producción de conocimiento en terapia ocupacional.

Resumo Com este artigo buscamos conhecer as revistas atuais de terapia ocupacional, bem como sua visibilidade e qualidade. A seleção da amostra foi feita a partir da base de dados ULRICH e dos catálogos Latindex e C17. A pesquisa foi concluída com um rastreamento na web. Os critérios de inclusão foram periódicos científicos revisados por pares e ativos no momento da consulta. Da lista final, foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: visibilidade (foram considerados o idioma de publicação e a presença em bases de dados internacionais -ERIC, Psychinfo, Medline, Scopus, OTDBASE, CINAHL e Web of Science), acessibilidade (assinatura, acesso gratuito e aberto) e indicadores de qualidade (editora responsável e fator de impacto). Quarenta e três periódicos atenderam aos critérios. Quanto à visibilidade, 69,8% estiveram indexados em pelo menos uma base de dados, sendo a mais representativa a própria base de dados da disciplina, seguida das ciências multidisciplinares da saúde e, em menor escala, das da Ciências Sociais. 25,6% estão incorporados ao movimento de Acesso Aberto e 18,6% são de Acesso Livre. Em relação ao prestígio, 20,9% incorporaram-se ao JCR e 41,9%% ao SJR. Após analisar cinco critérios de qualidade, só Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy e a Occupational Therapy International os atendem. Este estudo mostra a realidade dos periódicos específicos da área, bem como seus pontos fortes e fracos. Acredita-se que conhecer essa realidade pode melhorar os índices de produção de conhecimento em terapia ocupacional.

Abstract With this article, we try to know the current occupational therapy journals, as well as their visibility and quality. The sample selection was made from the ULRICH database and Latindex and C17 catalog. The search was completed with a web search. The inclusion criteria were active and peer-reviewed scientific journals. The variables analyzed were: Visibility (publication language, presence in databases -ERIC, Psychinfo, Medline, Scopus, OTDBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science), accessibility (subscription, free or Open Access), and quality indicators (Journal Citation Reports and Scimago Journal Ranking). 43 journals met the criteria. Visibility 69,8% were indexed in at least one database, being the most representative, the discipline's database, followed by the health sciences, multidisciplinary and to a lesser extent those of the social sciences. 25,6% are incorporated into the Open Access movement, and 18,6% are Free Access. Prestige, 20,9% are incorporated in JCR and 41,9% in SJR. After analyzing five quality criteria, only the Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy, and Occupational Therapy International meet them. This study shows the reality of the specific journals of the specialty, as well as their strengths and weaknesses. We hope that knowing this reality we will improve the rates of knowledge production in occupational therapy.

Desempeño ocupacional de una y un superheroe / Occupational performance of one and one superhero

La aparición de las y los superhéroes ha sido a lo largo de la historia una propaganda social que mantiene viva la llama de la esperanza. La realidad se torna incierta cuando una o un superhéroe flaquea. Pero la realidad es que todas y todos los superhéroes a lo largo de su vida han sentido una falta de equilibrio ocupacional que ha roto su sensación de competencia. Esta situación no exenta de ciertas repercusiones mantiene ese punto de cercanía con la sociedad. El desempeño ocupacional de una o un superhéroe va a depender las cruzadas en las que se encuentre. En la sociedad actual más de una y uno se ha enfundado en el traje siendo esa o ese superhéroe para otros y otras

The appearance of superhero has been throughout history a social propaganda that keeps the flame of hope alive. Reality becomes uncertain when one or a superhero falters. But the reality is that each and every superhero throughout their lives has felt a lack of occupational balance that has broken their sense of competence. This situation is not without certain repercussions maintains that point of closeness with society. The occupational performance of one or a superhero will depend on the crusades in which they are. In today's society more than one and one has dressed in the suit being one or a superhero for others and others

Learning and Development of Diagnostic Reasoning in Occupational Therapy Undergraduate Students.

BACKGROUND/AIM: One way to facilitate occupational therapy undergraduate students transferring their academic skills of data gathering and analysis to professional settings is to ensure they can competently use diagnostic reasoning. Nevertheless, there are several obvious gaps in empirical evidence related to the learning and development of this style of reasoning in occupational therapy undergraduates. The most important are related to promoting higher-order thinking and the use of information to solve problems in the context of professional practice. This study analyses undergraduates' diagnostic reasoning and its changes during their education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicentre study was conducted with a descriptive observational design. The study took place at the University of Coruña (Spain), University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), and University of el Valle (Colombia). The sample was n = 247. For data collection, a clinical case was specifically designed. IBM SPSS Statistics (v19) and EPIDAT 3.1 were used for the data analysis. RESULTS: Participants identified and categorized occupational performance problems. However, they had difficulties when identifying and categorizing the occupational performance components (specifically, the symptoms and signs of the disease presented in the study case). They presented limitations to analyse and synthesize the information collected to develop an explanation of the occupational problems and their causes. CONCLUSIONS: Undergraduate students' ability to analyse and synthesize information during data collection is poorly organized, so it makes the problem formulation difficult. This study contributes to the knowledge of undergraduates' diagnostic reasoning features, specifically the undergraduate students' capacities and limits to process information during the occupational assessment.

Individual and Environmental Factors Associated with Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Abuse and Illegal Drug Consumption in University Students: A Mediating Analysis.

Substance abuse is a major and prevalent public health concern among university students. Tobacco smoking, risky alcohol behavior, and illegal drug consumption may lead to health problems and behavioral and academic issues. Several individual and environmental factors associate with substance abuse in this population, and the mediating effect of alcohol abuse in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug consumption is yet to be explored. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the association of individual and environmental factors and substance use, and to analyze the relationship between tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug consumption, considering alcohol abuse as a possible mediator. A total of 550 Spanish undergraduate and postgraduate students completed several questionnaires regarding their smoking status, alcohol use, and drug consumption during the last six months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between factors. Direct, indirect and mediating effects were tested using a partial least squares approach (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that substance abuse is associated with being male, living with other students, and combined substance consumption. PLS-SEM showed a significant effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse on drug consumption. Alcohol abuse plays a mediating role in the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug use.

Professional Reasoning in Occupational Therapy: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Professional reasoning in occupational therapy is the process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. The professional's ability to manage the process of the intervention is structured around it, thereby influencing the effectiveness of the work carried out. The objectives of this research were to identify and describe (a) the historical development of this area of research from 1982 to 2017 and (b) the nature and volume of the scientific literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy and the evidence that exists today. METHODS: A scoping review method was used to carry out an historical mapping of research on professional reasoning and to summarise the lines of research explored to date. The review was conducted in five stages following the PRISMA guidelines. After applying the selection criteria, the search identified 303 references. RESULTS: The results are presented under three headings: (a) nature and volume of publications on professional reasoning in occupational therapy according to number and year of publications, journal, country, author, and line of research; (b) historical trends in the scientific literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy since 1982; and (c) methodological aspects of the research. Each of them is discussed through statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The research about professional reasoning in occupational therapy is a field of empirical nature, in which qualitative studies predominate. Principal lines of research are focused on specific fields of practice, undergraduates, and theoretical aspects of professional reasoning. There were identified three historical phases with common features in terms of objectives and research methods.

Analysis of occupational performance for the promotion of health in people with fibromyalgia. A phenomenological study / Análisis del desempeño ocupacional para la promoción de la salud en personas con fibromialgia. Un estudio fenomenológico

ABSTRACT Introduction: An imbalance in the performance or occupational participation can be detrimental to health. To a large extent, this is the case in people diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Objective: This research study was carried out in order to determine the occupational performance in people diagnosed with fibromyalgia in the Galician province of A Conma (Spain). Material and methods: A qualitative methodology was used, with data being collected through semi-structured interviews and a field notebook. A total of 34 people participated, including those diagnosed, family members and professionals. Results: Four themes were identified: (1) «everything costs¼, (2) «only I know what I can do¼, (3) «if I don't feel well, I stay¼, (4) «either they get help or breakdown¼. Conclusion: Following the diagnosis of fibromyalgia people change the characteristics of their occupational performance, both terms of influencing factors, in the way they conduct their activities, and in terms of their environments.

RESUMEN Introducción: Un desequilibrio en el desempeño o en la participación ocupacional puede provocar una falta de salud, y esta situación se encuentra en una gran medida en las personas diagnosticadas de fibromialgia. Objetivo: El presente estudio de investigación se realizó con el fin de conocer cómo es el desempeño ocupacional en personas diagnosticadas de fibromialgia en la provincia gallega de A Coruña (España). Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, se recogieron datos mediante la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas y de un cuaderno de campo. Participaron 34 individuos, entre personas diagnosticadas, familiares y profesionales. Resultados: Surgieron cuatro temáticas: 1) «todo cuesta¼; 2) «solo yo sé lo que puedo hacer¼; 3) «si no estoy bien, me quedo¼, y 4) «las apoyan o nada¼. Conclusión: Las personas con fibromialgia tras el diagnóstico ven modificadas las caracterís ticas de su desempeño ocupacional, tanto en factores influyentes, en la forma de realizar las actividades, como en los entornos.

Razonamiento clínico en terapia ocupacional. Una revisión narrativa

Resumen Introducción. El razonamiento clínico ordena el procesamiento de la información obtenida durante la evaluación, facilitando tomar decisiones para implementar planes de tratamiento. Esta área es cada vez más relevante para la formación de estudiantes y profesionales de terapia ocupacional. Objetivo. Analizar la literatura sobre razonamiento clínico en terapia ocupacional publicada entre 2009 y 2018. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos, repositorios institucionales, monografías y literatura gris de alcance. Se establecieron criterios de selección para la obtención de documentos que luego se analizaron estableciendo un conjunto de variables que permitieron el análisis de la literatura. Resultados. La literatura sobre razonamiento clínico en el período estudiado fue de 99 publicaciones, más de la mitad que en los 33 años anteriores. El razonamiento clínico en el ámbito docente es el de mayor impacto (41.4%); 52.5% son publicaciones que mejoran la práctica con sus aportes al reforzar el desarrollo de destrezas profesionales y la calidad de las intervenciones. Conclusión. El aumento de la investigación sobre razonamiento clínico en terapia ocupacional dota a esta área de conocimiento y rigor, mejorando así la eficacia de los terapeutas ocupacionales.

Abstract Introduction: Clinical reasoning regulates the processing of information obtained during assessment, facilitating decision-making to implement treatment plans. This area is increasingly relevant to the training of Occupational Therapy students and professionals. Objective: To analyze the literature on clinical reasoning in Occupational Therapy published between 2009 and 2018. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted on databases, institutional repositories, monographs and related grey literature. Selection criteria were established to obtain documents that were analyzed subsequently, establishing a set of variables that allowed analyzing the literature. Results: Literature on clinical reasoning in the period studied included 99 publications, which represented more than half of what had been published in the previous 33 years. Clinical reasoning in the teaching field has the greatest impact (41.4%); 52.5% were publications that improved practice with their contributions, reinforcing the development of professional skills and the quality of interventions. Conclusions: The increase of research on clinical reasoning in Occupational Therapy provides this area with knowledge and rigor, thus improving the effectiveness of occupational therapists.